Philosophy: Reference: Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Description of the philosophical institution founded by Plato, which advocated skepticism in succeeding generations.

The capacities of impulse and desire which lead to or determine human action, as described by 18th and 19th century Scottish common sense philosophy.

Biography of the 1st century philosopher who defended the ten tropes of skepticism.

Greek philosopher born about 500 BCE, responsible for giving philosophy a home at Athens and the first philosopher to introduce a spiritual principle which gives matter life and form.

4th century BCE philosopher of Abdera, from the school of Democritus.

Greek philosopher of Miletus, born 611 BCE who thought it unnecessary to fix upon air, water, or fire as the original and primary form of body.

5th century BCE Greek philosopher of Miletus who regarded 'air' as the primary form of body.

Consideration of moral status of non-human animals.

11th century English prelate who developed views of atonement and satisfaction which are still held by orthodox theologians.

Athenian philosopher and founder of the Cynic sect who was born around 440 BCE.