Philosophy: Reference: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Page 21

By Stewart Candlish from the University of Western Australia.

"Probabilistic Causation" designates a group of philosophical theories that aim to characterize the relationship between cause and effect using the tools of probability theory. A primary motivation for the development of such theories is the desire for a theory of causation that does not presuppose physical determinism.

View that puts processes at the center of metaphysics; by Nicholas Rescher.

Entry in the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy by Chris Swoyer. Principally concerned with existence and identity conditions.

Explores semantic accounts of propositional attitude reports, and some of the theories developed to deal with Frege's puzzle. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Thomas J. McKay.

By Fred D'Agostino, University of New England, Australia.

Philosophical justifications of punishment; by Hugo Adam Bedau.

The life and work of the founder of Pyrrhonism; by Richard Bett.

Qualia are introspectively accessible, phenomenal aspects of our mental lives. By Michael Tye.

Aims to establish that conscious experience involves non-physical properties. It is one of the most discussed arguments against physicalism; by Martine Nida-Rmelin.