This posting is long and labored, but if you have the patience to read it, it's interesting.
http://serpo.org/release29.asp http://www.serpo.org/anon_comment.php + UPDATE: ANONYMOUS comments on "The RED and YELLOW BOOKS" and PROVIDES
NEVER-BEFORE-PUBLISHED SPECIFIC STEP-BY-STEP INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO
ACCESS "The YELLOW BOOK!"
+ WHAT THE EBENS KNOW ABOUT OUR UNIVERSE and THEIR VIEWS ON The BIG BANG
and INFLATIONARY THEORIES OF COSMOLOGY!
+ REVEALED: The NAME OF THE ACTUAL UFO CONTROL-STUDY GROUP WHICH
COMPLETELY MANAGES THE UFO SUBJECT MATTER ... AND IT AIN'T "MJ-12!"
Date: Thu, Aug 9, 2007, 7:53 a.m.
From: ANONYMOUS
Subject: "The YELLOW BOOK" and "The RED BOOK"
From "Project SERPO" POSTING #19:
http://www.serpo.org/release19.php http://serpo.org/release19.asp The "YELLOW BOOK" – The "Yellow Book" or "Bible" is the alien's
history of our universe written by the aliens themselves as well as
their interactions and involvement with Earth's development/evolution.
It was brought to Earth and presented to the U.S. government at the
famous Holloman AFB landing in April 1964 by female Ebe #2 which was
also translated by her.
"The RED BOOK" – "The Red Book" is an extremely thick, very detailed
account summary written and compiled by the U.S. government on UFO
investigations dating from 1947 to the present day. This
orange-brownish book is updated every five (5) years and also contains
some cross-over information from "The Yellow Book."
"Project SERPO" – Steven Spielberg's 1977 film, "Close Encounters of
the Third Kind" is based on the famous Holloman landing as well as the
human-ET exchange depicted at the very end with 10 (ten) men and two (2)
women who are shown embarking on the alien spacecraft.
"The YELLOW BOOK" was provided by the Ebens. It ISN'T exactly a
"book." It is a block of material, approximately 2 1/2 inches thick and
transparent in nature and appearance. The reader looks at the
transparent surface and suddenly words and pictures appear. It is an
endless series of historical stories and photographs of our universe,
the Eben planet and their former homeworld, and other interesting
stories about the universe. It also contains a historical narrative
and various accounts about
Earth's history and distant past.
To this day, I am one of the very few people who has actually SEEN and
READ "The YELLOW BOOK." I can assure you that Robert Collins has not
ever seen, viewed nor read any part of it. His name does NOT appear on
the "Briefing Control Access Roster." As has been commented on by
others, it would take a lifetime to read it and another lifetime to
understand it.
1) Reference "The YELLOW BOOK": It is an 8 x 11 inch object and
approximately 2 1/2 inches thick that is constructed of a clear, heavy
fiberglass-type material. The border of the book is a bright yellow,
hence "The YELLOW BOOK."
When you place the book close to your eyes, you will begin seeing words
and images flashing before you. Depending on the particular language you
are thinking, that particular language will appear. So far, the USG has
identified 80 different languages.
Pictures also appear. "The YELLOW BOOK" tells the story of the Ebens'
lives, their exploration of the universe, their planet, their societal
life and other aspects, including the Eben's longtime relationship with
Earth. It tells of their first visit to Earth about 2,000 years ago. It
displays Earth as it was in those days. It also shows an Eben, who took
the appearance of an Earth Human [Jesus Christ].
According to "The YELLOW BOOK," this Earth Human established religion on
Earth [Christianity] and posted the first ALIEN AMBASSADOR on Earth.
"The YELLOW BOOK" goes on and on and on and on.... I've spent 12 hours a
day for three (3) consecutive days and still NEVER reached the end. I
don't think anyone knows how long it goes on or that there is any way to
find the "end" of the book.
There is NO known end to "The YELLOW BOOK." I understand the record is
about 22 straight hours, which was done by the President's Scientific
Adviser under the XXXXX administration. Also, there is NO known way to
stop reading in one particular place, put down "The YELLOW BOOK" and
then resume at the same place. Once you put down "The YELLOW BOOK" and
pick it up again later, the book starts from the beginning. Although the
book can somehow determine the language of the person who is reading, it
canNOT determine the uniqueness of that person.
In other words, the "problem" with "reading" "The YELLOW BOOK" is that
one must start all over from the very beginning once you put it down. If
it took you 12 hours to reach p. 564 [events] and then you put it down,
you would have to start all over at the very first words and images
displayed during your first read, and only once you passed the 12-hour
mark would NEW information you had not seen in the previous sitting
would now appear.
As I wrote earlier, "The YELLOW BOOK" goes back to around 2,000 years.
However, I have NOT viewed the entire "YELLOW BOOK" and don't think
anyone else has either. It may have some views/images/history that go
back even farther than 2,000 years B.C.
2) Reference our UNIVERSE from "The YELLOW BOOK": As for the universe,
according to the Ebens, the universe was created in a split second,
similar to our "Big Bang Theory," and expands over a period of billions
of years. The Ebens don't refer to "years" as our years. They speak of
time, but in terms of an "event clock," so to help us better understand,
the Ebens detail our years as a point of reference.
According to the Ebens, our universe EXPANDS for about 25 billion years.
It then contracts back to its beginning shape. Once the universe
CONTRACTS, it expands again REPEATING THE ENTIRE PROCESS. This is
considered and referred to as "The Life Span of the Universe" by the
Ebens ["Inflation" Theory].
"The RED BOOK" was written by the U.S. Government. It contains volumes
of information we have gathered regarding our contacts with
Extraterrestrial Life Forms. The first volume begins in 1947. The
last volume was started in 2005. The information you published in SERPO
Posting #19 regarding these books was factually correct.
http://serpo.org/release19.asp In the e-mails you forwarded to me, what Robert Collins claims about
"The RED BOOK" being updated continuously or when needed is somewhat
true, but needs to be placed in proper context.
What actually occurs is that as UFO reports come in deemed credible by
the reporting government agency -- be it military or civilian -- they
are routed to a special section of our government for a follow-up
analysis. After that vetting process is completed, they are then sent to
a special group ["XXXXX-6"] which then places it into final review for
POSSIBLE inclusion into "The RED BOOK."
Victor, I know all of this because you see, I have served as the editor
for several editions of "The RED BOOK" and have written and delivered
the Executive Summary for several sitting U.S. presidents, so I KNOW of
what I speak.
And when I say "editor," it is NOT in the sense of the word you are
familiar with. I do not correct nor review any of the hundreds -- if not
thousands -- of reports which are distilled into the final 5-year report
for grammar and punctuation as you've done with the "Project SERPO"
material.
I only present and include the most important, compelling cases into
"The RED BOOK" which includes an analysis by me and others of any
trends, types of sightings, human contacts with the ETEs and any
national security concerns our government or planet might have. My part
is to write the The Executive Summary and present it to the current
sitting president of the United States.
If there was a national security matter that presented itself, that
5-year published review of "The RED BOOK" would be interrupted, but that
has been unnecessary as we have a good relationship with our Visitors.
On another point, you asked if the Bush administration claims of
stopping post-9/11 terrorist attacks was true.
What I can definitively tell you is that since 2001, based on the NSA
surveillance program, our government has successfully stopped 16 planned
terrorist attacks aimed at the USA. Every single plan was initiated
from an overseas location.
– ANONYMOUS
------------------------------------------
http://www.banguniverse.com/ THE ENORMOUS TIMELINE OF OUR UNIVERSE
1,000,000,000 = 1 billion or 10-9 power = 1 followed by 9 0's [zeroes]
AB = Time after the Big Bang
MYA = millions of years ago
YA = years ago
NOTE: The first number is AFTER the BIG BANG occurred; the second number
is when EARTH's timeline began.
0 - 13.7 billion years ago = BIG BANG
10-35 - 10-33 seconds = INFLATIONARY Period
10-33 seconds = Birth of QUARKS and ANTIQUARKS as they annihilate each
other leaving a slight excess of QUARKS
10-5 seconds = QUARKS combine to form PROTONS and NEUTRONS
10-3 seconds = Formation of HYDROGEN and HELIUM atoms
1-3 minutes = Formation of light elements up to BORON
370,000 YA = Emission of CMB [Cosmic Microwave Background]: the universe
becomes transparent
200 MYA - 13.5 billion of years ago = Birth of first STARS; reionization
3 billion years - 10.4 billion years ago? = Formation of mature
GALAXIES, QUASARS and the oldest STARS in the MILKY WAY GALAXY
9.1 billion years [AB] - 5.6 billion years ago = Our SOLAR SYSTEM
including EARTH are formed
9.9 billion years [AB] - 3.8 billion years ago = First FOSSILS formed
13.4 billion years [AB] - 320 MYA = First REPTILES
13.5 billion years - 200 MYA = AFRICA splits from AMERICA; the DINOSAURS
disappear
13.64 billion years [AB] - 65 MYA = End of the DINOSAURS; small MAMMALS
diversify
13.695 billion years - 5 MYA = PRIMATES including the first APES evolve
13.6998 billion years [AB] - 195,000 YA = HOMO SAPIENS appear
13.6999 billion years [AB] - 10,000 YA = End of the last ICE AGE; dawn
of the MODERN WORLD
13.7 billion years [AB] = The PRESENT DAY, June 2008
14.7 billion years - 1 billion years hence = EARTH become UNinhabitable
18.7 billion years [AB] - 5 billion years hence = SUN becomes a red
giant ... the destruction of EARTH
23.7 billion years - 10 billion years hence = SUN becomes a white dwarf
10-14 years [10 to the 14th power or 1 followed by 14 0's] - A hundred
thousand billion years hence = GALAXY- and STAR-formation cease
10-36 years = 50 percent of all PROTONS have decayed [one undecillion =
10 x 36 power]
10-40 years = All PROTONS are gone and "BLACK HOLES" now dominate
10-100 years = BLACK HOLES disintegrate (1 googol = 10 x 100 0's power]
1-150 years = PHOTON age: The universe reaches extreme low-energy state?
Buddhism + Hinduism + Jainism + The Billy Meier Pleiadian Contacts = The
universe now goes into an equally lengthy "SLEEP CYCLE" ... does it?....
------------------------------------------
"The BIG BANG THEORY": HOW IT EVOLVED FROM AN IDEA TO SCIENTIFIC
ACCEPTANCE:
A) Belgian astronomer, civil engineer and Jesuit priest GEORGES-HENRI
LEMAITRE [1894-1966] is known as the "Father of the Big Bang." In the
late 1920s, Lemaitre deduced that if the universe were expanding, then
by going back in time, one would find that everything started from one
point. He suggested that the universe had originated as a great "COSMIC
EGG," [oblate spheroid] from a "primordial atom" which exploded and
expanded outward.
B) However, it was not until 1948 that Russian-born nuclear physicist
GEORGE GAMOW [1904-1968] and his colleagues worked out the details of
the universe's explosive origin during the 1950s.
C) The term "Big Bang" was actually coined by one of the theory's
strongest opponents, maverick English astrophysicist and cosmologist
FRED HOYLE [1915-2001], who believed that the universe was in a "steady
state" of continuous expansion and creation of matter. HOYLE was also a
vigorous proponent of PANSPERMIA -- the notion that life came to Earth
from outer space. After retirement, he became a leading popularizer of
science.
------------------------------------------
http://www.dharmakshetra.com/articles3/ ... ribed%20in%
20the%20Vedas.htm
HINDUISM's YUGA GREAT TIME FRAMES:
http://www.sanskrit.org/www/Hindu%20Pri ... atime.html MODERATOR's NOTES, COMMENTS and OBSERVATIONS:
By my inserting these great TIMEFRAMES contained within the HINDU faith,
this should NOT suggest that I endorse these SPECIFIC
beliefs/timeframes. Instead, what I AM suggesting is that many
[religious/scientific] belief systems incorporate the idea of an
EXPANDING and CONTRACTING UNIVERSE ["Inflation" Theory].
This will also be presented in POSTING 29a, 29a-1 [which shows the
scientific community in support of this] and then POSTING #29b which
conveys ABSOLUTELY ENORMOUS TIMEFRAMES under the famous Billy
Meier-Pleiadian contactee case.
Whether it's ...
the hundreds of THOUSANDS of years cited within the Hindu Yugas;
the 25 BILLION years referenced by the EBENS;
the 13-7 - 15 BILLION years our Earth scientists estimate; or
the 311 TRILLION, 40 BILLION years claimed by the Pleiadians ...
they ALL have one (1) recurring theme in common: They ALL emphasize and
subscribe to the belief of an EXPANDING and CONTRACTING UNIVERSE
["Inflation"] and for some, a UNIVERSE that even "sleeps" before
EXPANDING again!
------------------------------------------
http://www.serpo.org/release10.php "QUESTION: What do you make of what Ebe #1 allegedly said about Mankind
being genetically altered throughout time and that they established
religions and Christ in particular on our planet? [An idea that was
popularized in the 1989 bestseller, "The Gods of Eden" by William
Bramley, ISBN# 0380718073]
ANONYMOUS: If one reads "The YELLOW BOOK" [the true and correct history
of Mankind as relayed by the ETEs] and reads between the lines, one
would come away with the thought and clear impression that the Ebens had
something to do with Jesus Christ or, possibly, Jesus was one of them.
Also, if you look at some events that are shown in "The YELLOW BOOK,"
(remember, there are no dates shown in "The YELLOW BOOK"), you can
connect some incidents, such as Fatima, etc., with an Eben landing."
------------------------------------------
[ MODERATOR's NOTE: Did the Ebens plant or "seed" the personage of Jesus
Christ as alleged in the famous "Project AQUARIUS" briefing document?!
(I possess a copy.) See the ENTIRE briefing document reproduced
word-for-word which follows and see if you think "the dots connect!" ]
http://www.serpo.org/aquarius.php "Project Aquarius" briefing document
"ABOVE TOP SECRET / MAJIC EYES ONLY"
(TS/ORCON) – Most governmental documents pertaining to UFO sightings,
incidents and governmental policies, including "Project Blue Book," have
been released to the public under FOIA or under various other release
programs.
MJ-12 felt the remaining documents and information (not relating to
"Project Aquarius") [but] relating to technological facts regarding
alien medical matters, [and] the fact that an alien was captured alive
and survived three (3) years under secrecy, cannot be released to the
public for fear the information would be obtained by SHIS. There was
other information obtained from EBE that was deemed sensitive and NOT
releasable to the public.
Notably, "Project Aquarius," Volume IX, which pertains to tracing the
alien's first visitation of Earth back some 5,000 years. EBE reported
that 2,000 years ago, his ancestors PLANTED A HUMAN CREATURE ON EARTH to
assist the inhabitants of Earth in developing a civilization. This
information was only vague and the exact identity or background
information on this Homo-sapien was not obtained.
Undoubtedly, if this information was released to the public, it would
CAUSE A WORLDWIDE PANIC. MJ-3 has developed a plan that will allow
release of Project Aquarius, Volumes I - III.
The release program calls for a GRADUAL RELEASE OF INFORMATION over a
period of time in order to CONDITION THE PUBLIC FOR FUTURE DISCLOSURES.
Attachment 5 of this briefing contains certain guidelines for future
public releases.
------------------------------------------
"Posting Six by Anonymous (14 November, 2005)
"You will be honored one day for providing assistance in our release of
information. Many thanks. I do not feel that a dialogue or argument with
non-believers would benefit our cause. They have the right to criticize
our information, but NONE of them will ever be involved in the final
process."
November 2005 FLASHBACK TO "Project SERPO" POSTING #5:
The group called MJ-12 -- which wasn't really the group that controlled
the information -- but for the sake of clarity, we'll just call them
"MJ-12." The actual name of the group who controlled, managed and
oversaw the SERPO project was called XXXXX XXXXX.
Current DIA officials have very little knowledge of this subject matter.
However, we will move ahead with our plans. Our main supporter is XXXXX
XXXXX XXXXX, a former director of XXX. He is in our corner and will
support our gradual release [Public Acclimation Program] plan.
Saved e-mail message
From: ANONYMOUS
Date: Sun, May 18, 2008, 11:51 a.m. (PDT+3)
To:
VictorGM@webtv.net Subject: UFO CONTROL-STUDY GROUP
VICTOR:
For your years of dedicated service to our cause and mission, I will now
give you the name of the actual group that controls the UFO-ET subject
matter. Additionally, I will also give you the name of a highly
classified operation and ongoing project that the UFO community and
general public is completely unaware of.
[See "Project SERPO" POSTING #30:
http://serpo.org/release30.asp ]
Contrary to the public's perception regarding U.S. government secrecy
and their supposed INability to keep anything secret, quite the opposite
is true. I consulted with one of our DIA-6 group members who was a DOD
military historian from the early '50s until his retirement.
He astutely pointed out that from August 1942 when the "Manhattan
Project" to develop the atomic bomb was started under the control of the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers during the Roosevelt administration, NOT a
single leak occurred among the 125,000 people assigned to work on it at
the project's four (4) main facilities:
† Hanford, WA;
† The Clinton Engineer Works at Oak Ridge, TN;
† The basement of the unused football stadium at the University of
Chicago;
† And the Los Alamos National Laboratory which was built in 1943 on a
secluded mesa and headed by Robert Oppenheimer.
You may release this name to the public, but ONLY with the stipulations
and conditions I have cited at the end of this piece and the classified
project I will give you details about. And now for the name of the group
which actually controls, disseminates, sets policy and makes
presidential recommendations on the UFO subject matter.
1) The name of the UFO control group is called XXXXX-6 that is an
acronym for: XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX and XXXXX-6 which is just a
misnomer to keep people from asking too many questions when the word is
mentioned.
2) XXXXX-6 was always present, dating back to about 1966. When too much
publicity was directed toward MJ-12, the program was switched back to
XXXXX-6; this occurred in about 1988.
3) The XXXXX-6 Group has custody of ALL "The YELLOW" and "RED BOOK"
items.
4) Certain people have access to "The YELLOW/RED BOOKS." All access is
controlled by the XXXXX-6 Group. I'm sure the President has access.
Because so many in the UFO community claim to be "in the know or loop,"
release the name of the UFO control group in the fall 2008 when we
resume the Reagan presidential UFO briefings. Let me know if any of your
readers get it right; I'm VERY curious.
I give you my approval to release this information to the public within
the stipulations, restrictions and parameters I have provided. Once
again, I thank you for your dedicated service to our cause.
Be patient as we are tending to some minor [legal] problems on future
releases with the DOD.
Do you realize that 26 people on your list are current and retired USG
senior intelligence personnel?! You also have two (2) recipients from
the White House on your list.
You are famous!!!
In the meantime, I am taking much of the summer off for a well-deserved
vacation in the Seychelles which I was given the idea for from one of
the hosts on the "TODAY Show."† I will be out of contact until
September 2008 as will the other
members of our group most of whom will be vacationing in the Caribbean
and elsewhere.
And for you, try and stay healthy and OUT of hospitals!
– ANONYMOUS
† Referring to host Matt Lauer of the "TODAY Show" and his annual
"Where in the World is Matt Lauer" segment; original air date was
Friday, May 2, 2008 for the 5th and final stop of his 5-day world tour.
The REPUBLIC of SEYCHELLES is located approx 1,000 miles east of Kenya
and has a population of 81,000 living on 115 islands that comprise 176
sq miles of land. The SEYCHELLES are rich in myth and legend, and in the
past was a haven for pirates and traders. It is home to 200,000+ giant
land tortoises.
FAST FACT: The SEYCHELLES are NOT volcanic in origin. Rather, they are
the peaks of a huge underwater continental plateau that separated from
India ~65,000,000 years ago [by coincidence, this is when a large
asteroid is believed to have struck the earth and caused the extinction
of the DINOSAURS at the end of the CRETACEOUS PERIOD]. See "Project
SERPO" POSTING #30:
http://serpo.org/release30.asp http://www.today.msnbc.msn.com/id/24410048 ------------------------------------------
HANDY REFERENCE GUIDE!
SCIENTIFIC NOTATIONS on ENORMOUSLY LARGE and INFINITESIMALLY SMALL
NUMBERS:
One million = 1,000,000
One billion = 1,000,000,000
One trillion = 1,000,000,000,000
One quadrillion = 1,000,000,000,000,000
One quintillion = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000
One sextillion = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
One septillion = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
One octillion = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
One nonillion = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
One decillion = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
One undecillion = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
One duodecillion = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
One tredecillion = 10-42 power or 10 x 42 power [42 0's]
One quattuordillion = 10-45 power
One quindecillion = 10-48 power
One sexdecillion = 10-51 power
One septendecillion = 10-54 power
One octodecillion = 10-57 power
One novemdecillion = 10-60 power
One vigintillion = 10-63 power
One googol = 10-100 power
One googolplex = 10-googol ... anything beyond 100 0's
DIRECT ONLINE INSTRUCTION:
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION is used to express very LARGE or very SMALL numbers.
EXAMPLE: The mean distance of Pluto from the Sun is ~3,670,000,000
miles. Using scientific notation, the number can be expressed as: 3.67 x
10-9 [10 to the 9th power].
In writing scientific notation for LARGE numbers, follow THESE rules:
° The FIRST factor must be greater than or equal to 1 and less than
10;
° The SECOND factor must be a power of 10 expressed in exponential
form;
To write numbers with EXPONENTS, COUNT the number of PLACES to the right
of the FIRST NONzero number in standard form. Use the number of places
as the EXPONENT. In the case of 3,670,000,000, the FIRST NONzero number
is 3. Since 9 digits are to the right of the 3, 9 is the EXPONENT.
Therefore, 3,670,000,000 = 3.67 x 10-9 or 3.67 x 10 to the 9th power.
In writing very SMALL numbers, follow THESE rules:
– The FIRST factor must be greater than or equal to 1 and less than
10;
– The SECOND factor must be a NEGATIVE power of 10 expressed in
exponential form;
– To write numbers with a NEGATIVE EXPONENT, count the number of
places to the RIGHT of the decimal point, up to and INCLUDING the FIRST
NONzero number. Use the number of places as the negative exponent.
EXAMPLE: 0.00079 = 7.9 x 10–4 [10 x –4 power]
decimeter = one-tenth or 10–1 power
centimeter = one-hundredth or 10–2 power
millimeter = one-thousandth or 10–3 power
micrometer = one-millionth or 10–6 power [micron]
nanometer = one-billionth or 10–9 power
picometer = one-trillionth or 10–12 power
femtometer = one-quadrillionth or 10–15 power [fermi]
attometer = one-quintillionth or 10–18 power
zeptometer = one-sextillionth or 10–21 power
yoctometer = one-septillionth or 10–24 power
[0.000,000,000,000,000,000,000,001]
MEASUREMENT of TIME:
SECOND: time measurement defined [1 second, 2 seconds, 3 seconds....] as
in the initial developmental stages of our universe (see previous
section above entitled, "The Enormous Timeline of Our Universe"):
SECOND: It is the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of radiation
corresponding to a specific transition of the cesium-133 atom.
nanosecond = 1 billionth of a second
microsecond = 1 millionth of a second
millisecond = 1 thousandth of a second
60 seconds = 1 minute
60 minutes = 1 hour
24 hours = 1 day
7 days = 1 week
4 weeks = ~1 month
52 weeks = 1 year
30 days = 1 calendar month (varies)
12 months = 1 year
365 days = 1 common year [Technically, a year equals 365 1/4 days; to
keep the calendar accurate, an EXTRA DAY is added every 4 years
resulting in a leap year.]
366 days = 1 leap year
10 years = 1 decade
100 years = 1 century
1,000 years = millennium
TIME TERMS
ATOMIC TIME: Atomic clocks calculate time with EXTREME ACCURACY based on
the natural resonance frequency of the cesium-133 atom.
DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME: In the United States, Standard Time plus 1 hour.
Daylight Saving Time SEEMS to make the day last longer by an hour.
SIDEREAL TIME: Also known as ASTRONOMICAL TIME, this method of
measurement uses the movement of the stars to calculate time. An average
sidereal day is 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.09 seconds long.
SOLAR TIME: An outmoded measurement of time in which noon occurs when
the Sun is at its highest point over a given location. Of course, noon
-- and therefore time -- varies from place to place. [NOTE: This is the
"outmoded" reference of time the Ebens use on Planet SERPO.]
STANDARD TIME: Standard Time (estb.1883) divides the Earth into 24 time
zones. Calculated on SOLAR TIME, the base of the system is the ZERO
MERIDIAN that passes through the Royal Greenwich Observatory at
Greenwich, England. Time is measured east OR west of this Prime Meridian
according to the time zones.
OTHER RELATED SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENT TERMS:
ASTRONOMICAL UNIT [AU] = 93,000,000 miles which is the average distance
of the earth from the sun
ATMOSPHERE = unit used to measure at SEA LEVEL; one atmosphere equals
14.6952 lbs/square inch OR 2,116,102 lbs/square foot OR 1.0332
kilograms/square centimeter OR 101,325 newton/square meter
DYNE = the force needed to accelerate a 1-gram mass 1 centimeter/second
squared
HORSEPOWER [hp] = Method #1: the power in the FPS system
[foot-pound-second system] needed to lift 550 lbs a distance of 1 foot
in 1 second; Method #2: the power needed to lift 33,000 lbs a distance
of 1 foot in 1 minute; Method #3: 745.7 watts OR 42.41 British thermal
units/minute most often used in scientific usage
LIGHT-YEAR [ly] = 5,871,057,120,000 [trillion] miles -- OR 63,240 AU --
which is the distance light travels in a vacuum in one (1) year; Method:
take the speed of light ~186,170-186,282 miles/second and then multiply
it by: 60 seconds in a minute, then 60 minutes in an hour, then 24 hours
in a day and then 365.25 days in a year = 5 trillion, 871 billion, 057
million, 120 thousand miles
MACH NUMBER = a ratio of the speed of a body/airplane to the speed of
sound in the earth's atmosphere; object/speed of sound; primarily used
for airplane speed; about 1,088 ft/second
NEWTON = the force need to accelerate a 1-kilogram mass 1 meter/second
squared
PARSEC = a unit of distance used by professional astronomers to measure
the vast stellar and galactic distances (rather than light-years) which
is equal to the mean Earth-Sun distance = 1 astronomical unit [AU];
206,265 AU OR 1.92 x 10-13 power miles OR 3.2616 light-years; 1
kiloparsec [kpc] = 1,000 pc; 1 megaparsec [Mpc] = 1,000,000 pc
PASCAL = unit used to measure pressure; one (1) pascal = 1 newton/square
meter OR 0.020855 lb/square foot
Pi = 3.14159265+; the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its
diameter; usually rounded to 3.14
POUNDAL = the force needed to accelerate a 1-lb mass 1 foot/second
squared; 1 poundal = 13,825.5 dynes; 1 poundal = 0.138255 newton
SPEED of SOUND = usually placed at
1,088 ft/second
SPEED vs VELOCITY vs ACCELERATION vs MOMENTUM =
SPEED: the ratio of the distance traveled by an object -- regardless of
its direction to the time required to travel that distance; speed is a
measure of how QUICKLY something is moving; this is the TIME that it
takes to travel from one point to another DIVIDED by the distance
traveled; speed is expressed in units such as MILES PER HOUR or METERS
PER SECOND
VELOCITY: the speed AND direction of motion of a moving body; velocity
is a vector quantity as it measures the DIRECTION of movement as well as
its SPEED
• Relative Velocity: it is the velocity that one (1) object has when
viewed from another viewing object
• Terminal Velocity: When something is dropped and is pulled by
gravity toward the earth, it accelerates as it falls until it reaches a
velocity from which it can accelerate NO further; this is called its
TERMINAL VELOCITY; terminal velocity occurs when the force of the air
resistance against the falling object increases to the point where it
equals the force of gravity pulling the object; terminal velocity of an
object depends on how MUCH AIR RESISTANCE it experiences; it is NOT
affected by its weight, but instead by its surface and the streamlining
of its shape
ACCELERATION: the RATE of change of the velocity of a moving
body/object; acceleration -- like velocity -- is a vector quantity as in
"speeding up"; acceleration is measured in meters/second/second OR m/s 2
[meters divided by seconds squared]
MOMENTUM: it is calculated by multiplying the mass of an object by its
velocity; the greater its mass, the greater its momentum to keep moving
in one direction UNLESS a force acts upon it
COMPUTER MEMORY:
Computer memory is based on BITS and BYTES. One (1) megabyte of memory
has the capacity of storing 1 million single letters.
8 bits = 1 character = 1 byte
1 kilobyte = 1,024 bytes OR 2-10 power
1 megabyte = 1,048,576 bytes OR 2-20 power
1 gigabyte = 1,073,741,82 bytes OR 2-30 power
1 terabyte = 1,099,511,627,776 OR 2-40 power
1 petabyte = 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes OR 2-50 power [1 quadrillion]
NOTE: TERABYTE databases are becoming more common, and PETABYTE barriers
have been broken with the coming EXABYTE, ZETTABYTE, YOTTABYTE and
XERABYTE databases, which have even greater storage capacity, to
eventually follow.
------------------------------------------
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIG BANG and INFLATION THEORIES:
ASTRONOMY – General Editor Ian Ridpath, Monday, April 3, 2006 ©,
ISBN# 0756617332, $22.50, 300 pp. / Big Bang-Inflation Theory: pp. 48-51
UNIVERSE: The DEFINITIVE VISUAL GUIDE – Senior Editor Peter Frances,
Friday, October 28, 2005 ©, ISBN# 0756613647, $50.00, 512 pp. / Big
Bang-Inflation Theory: pp. 46-55
BANG! The COMPLETE HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSE – By May, Lintott and
Moore, Thursday, April 10, 2008 ©, ISBN# 0801889851, $29.95, 200 pp. /
Universe Timeline: p. 192
DISCOVER SCIENCE ALMANAC: The DEFINITIVE SCIENCE RESOURCE – Editors
Bryan Bunch and Jenny Tesar, Sunday, September 28, 2003 ©, ISBN#
0786887591, $13.99, 790 pp. / Big Bang Theory: pp. 97, 266-67
The AMERICAN HERITAGE SCIENCE DICTIONARY – Executive Editor Joseph P
Pickett, Tuesday, January 25, 2005 ©, ISBN# 0618455043, $19.95, 695
pp. / Big Bang-Inflation Theory: pp. 68, 322
The UNIVERSAL BOOK OF ASTRONOMY: FROM THE ANDROMEDA GALAXY to THE ZONE
OF AVOIDANCE – By David Darling, Monday, October 27, 2003 ©, ISBN#
0471265691, $40.00, 570 pp. / Big Bang-Inflation Theory: pp. 63-4, 249
The HANDY SPACE ANSWER BOOK – Editors Phillis Engelbert and Diane L
Dupuis, Sunday, September 28, 1997 ©, ISBN# 157859085X, $21.95, 576
pp. / Big Bang Theory: pp. 4, 6 [illus], 7-11, 13-16, 45, 49-50, 53, 59,
83, 116, 294, 298, 448 / Inflation Theory: pp. 10-12
The HANDY SCIENCE ANSWER BOOK – By The Science and Technology Dept of
the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 2nd Edition, Tuesday, January 28,
1997 ©, ISBN# 157859099X, 580 pp. / Big Bang Theory: pp. 29, 31
GENERAL REFERENCE:
The OXFORD GUIDE: AMERICAN MILITARY HISTORY – Edited by John Whiteclay
Chambers III, June © 1999, ISBN# 0195340921, $9.99, 916 pp. /
Manhattan Project: pp. 411-12
The MATH TEACHER's BOOK OF LISTS – By Judith and Gary Muschla, 2nd
Edition, Friday, March 25, 2005 ©, ISBN# 078797398X, $32.95, 408 pp.
The SCIENCE TEACHER's BOOK OF LISTS – By Frances Barhydt, MA and Dr
Paul W Morgan, Sunday, August 15, 1993 ©, ISBN# 0137933819, $29.95,
500 pp.
The READING TEACHER's BOOK OF LISTS – By Dr Edward Fry and Jacqueline
Kress, EdD, Friday, April 14, 2006 ©, ISBN# 0787982571, $29.95, 524
pp.
1,000 QUESTIONS and ANSWERS – Nicola Baxter, Friday, August 1, 1997
©, ISBN# 0760706069, $12.98, 192 pp.
PARADISE on EARTH: The REPUBLIC of SEYCHELLES:
The ILLUSTRATED WORLD ATLAS – Cartographic Consultants Dr William
Cartwright and Professor Michael P Peterson, Saturday, August 25, 2007
©, ISBN# 0760796831, $19.98, 352 pp. / Republic of Seychelles: p. 38,
Grids: A-8 and J-5; Longitude: 55° 15' - 56° 00' [east] Latitude:
4° 15' - 4° 45' [south] / Wide Area: Longitude: 50°-60° [east]
Latitude: 0°-10° [south]
TIMELESS WONDERS: EARTH's MOST SPECTACULAR PLACES – By Robert J Moore,
Thursday, November 30, 2006 ©, ISBN# 0760787174, $19.98, 320 pp. /
"Incomparable Beauty: The Seychelles Islands," pp. 174-75
------------------------------------------
ALL SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION: Written, researched and compiled by Victor
Martinez
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